| Introduction
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| | like Dracula or Frankenstein, stories in
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| On a Friday night after a long week of
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| | the anime world are also written with a
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| diligent work, Mrs. Thompson, a mother of
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| | sense of fantasy in mind. During the 18th
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| two young boys, decided to go to the
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| | and 19th centrury, wooden mechanized
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| video store to rent some cartoons so the
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| | dolls called Karakuri were used to carry
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| family can spend some quality time
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| | tea to guests. The word 'Karakuri' means
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| together. She does not know exactly what
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| | a "mechanical device to tease, trick, or
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| they like, but she does have a general
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| | take a person by surprise". It implies
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| idea of their tastes. Ninjas, cars,
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| | that these dolls are driven by hidden
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| robots and monsters right? How hard can
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| | magic, offering an element of mystery.
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| it be? As she walked down the long aisles
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| | Voltron, Trigun, and Macross 7 are shows
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| of movies, she stumbled upon a cartoon
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| | that display Japan's fascinating
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| called Ninja Scroll. "Oh perfect!" she
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| | imagination with science-fiction and
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| thought, "the kids will love this!"
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| | machines, and is not surprising to see
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| Without thinking twice regarding what the
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| | that they have gained a lot of attention
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| movie is actually about, she paid at the
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| | from American fans. Besides this
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| front desk and rushed back home to
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| | science-fiction genre, there are also
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| prepare dinner. After having a filling
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| | stories that deals with things closer to
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| meal, everyone gathered in front of their
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| | home like school, baseball, and or
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| 50" plasma TV and Mrs. Johnson popped in
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| | swimming, but also with a twist. A boy
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| the DVD. Little did she know, this
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| | lives an ordinary life when one day he
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| animated feature was the most violent,
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| | meets a female alien, changing his life
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| gory and sexually explicit film she has
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| | forever FLCL, Onegai Teacher,
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| ever seen. She had to stop the movie half
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| | Shingetsutan Tsukihime. With plot lines
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| way because her two sons were shocked in
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| | like this one and many others, anime
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| fear. She felt that this quality family
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| | makes a connection from the familiar to
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| time she had planned for was ruined .
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| | the unfamiliar, the norm to the
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| "Who would make such a disgusting and
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| | supernatural.
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| horrific cartoon?!" she yelled.
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| | Other common plot lines might revolve
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| This "disgusting" and "horrific" cartoon
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| | around historic references, adding depth
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| that Mrs. Thompson has a grudge against
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| | and intellect to the anime. On August 6
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| falls under a genre of imported media
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| | and 9, 1945, the cities of Hiroshima and
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| called Japanese Animation, or more
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| | Nagasaki were annihilated by the first
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| commonly known as "anime" (sometimes also
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| | atomic bombs ever used in warfare
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| written as "animé" as a French word).
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| | history. With such dark history written
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| Anime is a sophisticated form of animated
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| | down in Japanse history, many anime
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| art that originate from Japan during the
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| | titles depicted the horrific use of such
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| world war eras. Anime is a whole new
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| | weapons of mass destruction. It is a
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| world of televised media. Some titles are
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| | subconsciously embedded in the japanese
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| specifically made for kids, but there is
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| | mind-set. An magnanimous semi circle
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| also a vast selection for the more
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| | engulfs the city of neo-Tokyo in Akira ,
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| sophisticated and mature minds. The
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| | house and trees are torn from its roots
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| misconception of anime being simply
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| | from the shockwave of the blast in FLCL,
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| another kind of cartoon targeted at the
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| | and the ever so infamous mushroom cloud
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| younger audience, who wakes up every
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| | appears in the distant horizon in the
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| Saturday morning and turns on Kids WB, is
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| | first episode of Neon Genesis Evangelion.
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| very common among Americans, but during
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| | To the Japanese, anime is a good way to
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| the past ten years, Japanese Animation
| |
| | remind themselves and the world how
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| and other forms of modern Japanese art
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| | deadly these weapons really are should
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| have greatly influenced the American
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| | never be used. A major difference in
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| culture and is becoming more and more
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| | story telling between American cartoons
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| accepted into the mainstream media. It is
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| | and anime is characterization. An anime
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| a genre that is always pushing the
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| | expert on AnimeNation explains:
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| standards and boundaries and will never
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| | "American cartoons will place characters
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| cease to amaze its fans.
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| | in the situation. Anime places situations
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| The History
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| | around characters. Many anime shows have
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| Motions pictures and animated features
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| | a continuing story, while very nearly all
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| began to appear during the early 20th
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| | American cartoons are episodic, created
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| century. Japanese artists and animators
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| | specifically to be a series of
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| did not however start experimenting with
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| | individual, stand -alone stories rather
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| animation until 1914, primarily due to
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| | than small pieces of a whole. Even in the
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| the fact that western studios dominated
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| | case of anime series' that are episodic,
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| the cartoon field. Walt Disney, creator
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| | the characters develop and change from
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| of Mickey Mouse and Donald Duck, and the
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| | episode to episode. Anime, therefore,
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| Fleischer Brothers, creators of Popeye
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| | engenders more personal involvement
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| the Sailor and Superman, have brought
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| | between the show and the viewer than
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| some of the most well known characters to
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| | typical American cartoons do".
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| life with their masterful works that set
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| | Cartoons like Scooby Doo, Tom and Jerry,
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| the bar for what "cartoons" should be.
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| | Thundercats, and Powerpuff Girls all show
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| Japan's involvement in creating animated
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| | individual episodes that have no
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| films was rather slow. This was probably
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| | connections with the previous or
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| influenced by just having came out of its
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| | proceeding one. All the characters are to
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| global isolationism that the country
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| | go on without change, throughout the
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| invoked upon itself (over 50 years ago).
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| | every single episode. Characters in
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| When Japan was in its post WWII stage, a
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| | Anime, on the other hand, change
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| man by the name of Osamu Tezuka worked in
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| | dramatically as a result of the situation
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| a factory and was heavily influenced by
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| | and their relationships with others. A
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| the early works Walt Disney and the
| |
| | story is told through a length of many
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| Fleischer Brothers. As he tried to draw
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| | episodes, developing the character and
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| his own original characters by trying to
| |
| | giving character depth as each episode
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| imitate the two western styles, he found
| |
| | progresses. Alia, an anime enthusiast
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| great popularity and respect among his
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| | with her own website furthers the point:
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| co-workers. In 1947, Tezuka gained much
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| | "The best animes make their characters
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| attention with his novel-length drawn
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| | real, with real human emotions that never
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| stories. However, in 1963, the work that
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| | seem out of place for the character.
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| would define and give birth to the anime
| |
| | Anime creators take great pains in making
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| medium was his internationally successful
| |
| | their characters fully developed and
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| animation series called Testuwan Atom, or
| |
| | defined individuals, with their own
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| Astro Boy. His pursuit in animation
| |
| | conflicts and flaws".
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| crowned him the title of being the
| |
| | Sometimes, the characters can be
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| pioneer of anime and graphic novels,
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| | spontaneous and do unexpected things.
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| known as manga.
| |
| | This is in direct correlation with their
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| As Tezuka and his studio paved the road
| |
| | personalities, just like in real life.
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| for Japanese animation, the 1970s saw a
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| | Thus, many anime fans watch anime because
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| change and growth in this form of
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| | it lets them imagine the reality of the
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| entertainment. Trends started to appear
| |
| | characters and escape to their world ,
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| in various works by various studios.
| |
| | rather than seeing actors and actress in
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| These trends were passed down the
| |
| | a live action movie acting and pretending
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| generations and are present in today's
| |
| | someone they are not.
|
| anime. One of the most influential trends
| |
| | Music is also very important to the world
|
| is the "mecha" types of anime, which has
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| | of anime. Many times, it is a tool to
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| become a sub-genre itself. Mecha is short
| |
| | help further the characterization of the
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| of mechanical, or simply meaning giant
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| | show. In Love Hina, a show about a
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| robots and machines, usually controlled
| |
| | college-bound student living in a
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| or piloted by various human characters.
| |
| | all-girl resident, each character had its
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| This proved to be a very attractive
| |
| | own theme song, depicting their
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| characteristic of anime, because creating
| |
| | personalities. The songs would vary in
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| a live action mecha movie would require
| |
| | styles, from slow to hard rock, classical
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| very tedious work and demanded strong
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| | to jazz. Songs and music are also used to
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| financing. Another trend that began
| |
| | emphasize a theme, whether it's the
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| appear in anime during the 70's was
| |
| | passing of time, the vastness of space,
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| modifying the conventional way of how a
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| | or humanity's lost dreams. They are also
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| story was told in early works of anime.
| |
| | used to display situations: joyful, silly
|
| Instead of having a cliché good vs. evil
| |
| | melodies for humorous situations and
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| plot, story writers began to apply
| |
| | suspenseful and serious tunes for
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| interesting twists and fresh concepts
| |
| | troublesome events. Unlike most American
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| that would make the story more engaging.
| |
| | cartoons where theme songs are performed
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| The anime Lupin III depicted "good"
| |
| | by anonymous musicians, Japanese
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| protagonist with somewhat of a
| |
| | musicians take great pride in performing
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| mischievous personality. Devilman was
| |
| | for an anime title. Today, many famous
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| another show that had its protagonist
| |
| | Japanese musicians such as Sowelu,
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| possessed by a demon, giving him split
| |
| | L'arc~en~ciel, Yoko Kanno, Do as
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| personalities and when a battle occurs,
| |
| | Inifinity, and Nobuo Uematsu write
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| his demonic side would take control.
| |
| | original songs for the opening and ending
|
| Known as one of the most acclaimed anime
| |
| | theme of many shows. Anime is also a good
|
| series of all time, Mobile Suit Gundam
| |
| | way for debut artists to gain popularity
|
| was a story of a inter-stellar war
| |
| | and recognition.
|
| between Earth and its first space
| |
| | How influential is it?
|
| colonies, using both mechas, unique
| |
| | After having explained all the techniques
|
| characterization and never-before-seen
| |
| | and the genesis of anime, One could not
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| battles. This series became highly
| |
| | help but ask the question: in what ways
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| marketable and captivated a huge number
| |
| | is it influencing the American culture?
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| of audiences. These concepts and many
| |
| | When Princess Mononoke from Studio Ghibli
|
| others spawned more ideas and added more
| |
| | came out in the states, it stunned movie
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| ingredients to the anime soup.
| |
| | goers and gained a large number of fans.
|
| During the 1980s, a Japanese artist by
| |
| | Some, however, judged a book by its
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| the name of Go Nagai began to create
| |
| | cover, thinking that the title suggests
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| anime for adults, breaking the concept
| |
| | it would be a fairy tale with a happy
|
| that animated features are only for kids.
| |
| | ending. They were ultimately proven wrong
|
| From clever satires to full blown nudity
| |
| | and were disturbed by its violent nature.
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| and sexual engagements, Go Nagai's
| |
| | The director, Hayao Miyazaki, contends:
|
| ingenious idea helped to attract even
| |
| | "One of the things that I wanted to
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| more fans to the medium. In 1988, one
| |
| | portray in my film is that violence is,
|
| major milestone was created and is still
| |
| | indeed, a part of human essence. The
|
| thought to be ahead of its time, even by
| |
| | issue is how to manage it and how to
|
| today's standards. The movie Akira is set
| |
| | control it…I think it's foolish to say
|
| in the futuristic and apocalyptic Tokyo,
| |
| | that presence of violence in a film makes
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| where a motorcycle gang faces numerous
| |
| | it a bad picture for children. The truth
|
| obstacles after they find out that a
| |
| | is that, in their daily lives, they
|
| member acquired ominous psychic abilities
| |
| | encounter violence inside themselves and
|
| that can potentially destroy the world.
| |
| | around them. The issue is to try to help
|
| With an intriguing and engaging plot,
| |
| | them address what to do with it, not to
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| packed with incredible nail-biting
| |
| | ignore it".
|
| suspense and gory action, Akira gained
| |
| | Today, high schools and colleges around
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| tremendous fame all over the world. It
| |
| | the country are creating anime clubs,
|
| was, for many fans, an eye opener to the
| |
| | where members share anime, watch them and
|
| true potential of animated films. In 1995
| |
| | have thoughtful discussions. These clubs
|
| came more milestone quality works.
| |
| | make effort to spread awareness to the
|
| Masamune Shirow's Ghost in the Shell
| |
| | public that anime is indeed not a medium
|
| explored the depth the human mind,
| |
| | targeted just at kids. Mrs. Wolfson,
|
| depicting elements of psychological
| |
| | Honors physics teacher and anime club
|
| manipulation and throwing in a life vs.
| |
| | advisor at Shrewsbury High School said:
|
| machine conflict where humans are
| |
| | "I gained interested in anime during my
|
| enhanced with cybernetic parts and have
| |
| | college years, when they ran an Akira
|
| the ability to travel through a vast sea
| |
| | Marathon at the club and it opened my
|
| of information, into another realm (very
| |
| | eyes to this medium. I think anime is
|
| much like the Internet).
| |
| | affecting to the American culture by
|
| In the same year, two studios joined
| |
| | increasing the diversity awareness and
|
| forces to created one of the most talked
| |
| | acceptance of Americans. The mass media
|
| about and well known anime series of all
| |
| | loves it because it is something fairly
|
| time. Gainax and Production I.G. worked
| |
| | fresh and new to this country. It is far
|
| around the clock to create Neon Genesis
| |
| | more attractive than the mundane cartoons
|
| Evangelion. This epic 26-episode show
| |
| | that are so overly used".
|
| takes place in the year 2015, where
| |
| | The MIT Anime Club, one of the top anime
|
| "Angels" from a parallel universe
| |
| | clubs in the country gives public
|
| appeared on Earth and started attacking
| |
| | viewings every week. Due to its
|
| the human race. As an act of self
| |
| | prestigious and well-established name,
|
| defense, biological and mechanical
| |
| | many anime works have incorporated
|
| fighting machines called "Evangelions"
| |
| | aspects of the university as part the
|
| were created and are piloted by three
| |
| | show! Ben, the club president of Cal
|
| candidates to confront them. The show
| |
| | Animage in UC Berkeley described that it
|
| itself incorporates everything its
| |
| | used to be only 20 guys that would show
|
| predecessors have, and at the same time
| |
| | up at one showing. Now the number
|
| involves an immense amount of character
| |
| | increased to 200, mostly dominated by
|
| depth, plot twists, breath taking action,
| |
| | males with a majority of 18 to 24 years
|
| historical, scientific and biblical
| |
| | of age, and a minority of 25 to 30 years
|
| references. This one-of a-kind anime
| |
| | of age. Officers also sponsored free
|
| spawned the Eva Phenomenon in Japan and
| |
| | weekly showings of anime to the public on
|
| is regarded very highly by anime critics.
| |
| | campus. Among the audience, Asians and
|
| Today, anime continues to grow. More and
| |
| | Caucasians where dominant and were in
|
| more studios are making bigger and better
| |
| | almost equal proportions.
|
| shows to air on TV. Among all the
| |
| | Apart from clubs at school, the so-called
|
| fascination, one question surfaces: why
| |
| | information superhighway (or the
|
| is anime such of an attraction to
| |
| | Internet) is an essential tool for the
|
| Americans and the western world? Why is
| |
| | spread of anime among Americans. As more
|
| it influencing the American culture?
| |
| | and more shows are made in Japan,
|
| The Techniques
| |
| | American distributors can not keep up
|
| The artistic techniques behind anime are
| |
| | with the pace. As the demand for newer
|
| very sophisticated and is a major factor
| |
| | animes rises, groups of people with a
|
| on why the genre is such an infuence on
| |
| | rich understanding of the Japanese
|
| western popular culture. One aspect of
| |
| | language started recording raw shows
|
| anime that is very attention grabbing is
| |
| | airing on Japanese Television via their
|
| its attention to detail. Tezuka purposely
| |
| | computers and, to their best efforts,
|
| made Astro Boy's eyes to be round and big
| |
| | translate full episodes into a English
|
| to show expressive faces. He noted that
| |
| | subtitled features. These "fansub" groups
|
| that these features can allow him to
| |
| | then upload them onto the Internet,
|
| display a wide range of emotions. The
| |
| | within the reach of millions of anime
|
| display of different emotions are quite
| |
| | fans. They usually have their own
|
| distinctive in anime compared to American
| |
| | websites, and have affiliates to other
|
| cartoons. Other than showing facial
| |
| | partners. "Subtitled by fans for fans.
|
| expression, artists would draw
| |
| | Not for sale or rent" is usually written
|
| outer-physical elements that would
| |
| | at the beginning of each subbed episode.
|
| exaggerate the emotion, making anime more
| |
| | This way of distributing anime is also
|
| unique and spontaneous as a genre.
| |
| | perfectly legal, since none of these new
|
| Elements such as a big cross-like vein
| |
| | shows have been licensed by American
|
| would pop out on the left or right side
| |
| | distributors. Fans are able to get their
|
| of a character's head when he or she gets
| |
| | hands on the latest anime, without having
|
| frustrated, or an abnormally big sweat
| |
| | to wait for the long process of
|
| drop appears behind the head when he or
| |
| | licensing. With this growing ever so
|
| she gets in trouble. The characteristic
| |
| | popular, anime internet forums are also
|
| of blushing is very emphasized in anime
| |
| | flourishing. Anyone from any place in the
|
| as well. A rough light red patch drawn
| |
| | world can come to Minitokyo.net, one of
|
| under the character's eyes would appear
| |
| | the largest and diverse anime fourms on
|
| when one is in a romantic or embarassing
| |
| | the net, and exchange ideas, share
|
| situation.
| |
| | knowledge, get news, share artwork, and
|
| Unlike like Disney cartoons, where
| |
| | create their own custom pages.
|
| lighting details on the characters are
| |
| | Anime has also influenced the way
|
| almost none-existent, proper global
| |
| | Americans use their pass time. Each year,
|
| lighting plays a big role in anime. A
| |
| | anime conventions such as Otakon and
|
| character must have the proper shading
| |
| | Anime Expo are held around the nation
|
| and lighting on the apparels, the face
| |
| | where just-released titles and
|
| and most intricately, the hair, which is
| |
| | merchandise are advertised can be bought
|
| soemtimes one of the most difficult part
| |
| | with a great bargain. Other than the
|
| to draw. Since it is almost impossible to
| |
| | buying and selling, one major attraction
|
| hand draw every strand of hair (yet
| |
| | at anime cons are the cosplayers.
|
| possible with computer generated models),
| |
| | Cosplaying is normally something kids do
|
| artists draw hair as much thicker
| |
| | when they go trick-or treating on
|
| strands, allowing them to easily maneuver
| |
| | Halloween, but anyone from teens to
|
| them and apply proper lighting. Lighting
| |
| | adults cosplay at anime cons. Costumes
|
| on the eyes are also very vividly
| |
| | featured on anime characters can be found
|
| depicted. Reflections of light on the
| |
| | and bought in anime stores, but many
|
| Cornea is very bright and usually very
| |
| | hardcore cosplayers prefer to make their
|
| large. It tends to augment its size when
| |
| | own outfits. Cosplaying gives the
|
| one feels like crying or when one feels
| |
| | cosplayers a chance to become the
|
| envy towards someone or something.
| |
| | character they love, and allows them to
|
| Anime pioneered a technique called frame
| |
| | display the personalities the characters
|
| shifting. Akira used this technique and
| |
| | possessed.
|
| created a perspective of a motorcycle
| |
| | One aspect that is very influenced by
|
| gang member going into through the city
| |
| | anime is the American media. Movies like
|
| streets, by shifting edifices
| |
| | Akira, Princess Mononoke and Vampire
|
| proportionally to the left and right.
| |
| | Hunter D: Bloodlust required American
|
| Another illusionary technique that is
| |
| | voice actors and actresses for it be
|
| widely used thena nd today even is
| |
| | shown in the states. After dubbing such a
|
| western animation is called action-lines.
| |
| | feature, many thespians were amazed by
|
| During the midst of a heart-stopping
| |
| | the ingenuity and the level of maturity
|
| battle, the protagonist's coup de grace
| |
| | theses films possesses. Major live action
|
| is shown with him jumping in the air,
| |
| | films are incorporating anime scenes to
|
| going straight for his enemy.
| |
| | spice up the action (Kill Bill). Cartoon
|
| Action-lines are the fast moving lines
| |
| | Network, perhaps the biggest cartoon
|
| behind the character, filling the entire
| |
| | distribution network in the world,
|
| background, suggesting to the audience
| |
| | devotes approximately 1/3 of its air time
|
| that their hero is moving very fast and
| |
| | to anime or cartoons with great anime
|
| very forcefully.
| |
| | influence: Teen Titans, Totally Spies!,
|
| The quality of animation directly
| |
| | Hi Hi Puffy Amiyumi, the whole Miguzi
|
| correlates with the animation budget,
| |
| | line-up, Toonami line-up, Adult Swim for
|
| which equals the time given to complete
| |
| | those 14 years and older. Major companies
|
| the project. Many animated series such as
| |
| | such as T-mobile, the popular cell phone
|
| Dragonball and Rurouni Kenshin may have
| |
| | company from Deutsche Telekom, teamed up
|
| over a hundred episodes but will not have
| |
| | with Production I.G., one of the top
|
| the quality of animation compared to a
| |
| | anime studios to created a 9-short
|
| six episode show. Movement of the
| |
| | episoded commercial of a character called
|
| characters will not be as smooth due to a
| |
| | Johnny Chase to promote the new T-Mobile
|
| low frame rate. The greater and the
| |
| | SidekickÂ(R).
|
| number of cells an artist creates and the
| |
| | Conclusion
|
| more detail he or she includes, the more
| |
| | Anime is slowly being accepted by
|
| time he or she will need, thus requiring
| |
| | mainstream media and is slowly being
|
| a bigger budget. This is why animated
| |
| | respected as a completely separate genre
|
| features always show a higher quality of
| |
| | of animation. Yet when it comes down the
|
| animation compared to animated television
| |
| | basics, it is only animation. Despite all
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| series. Yet when a comes to story
| |
| | of its influences, many Americans still
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| development, a television animated series
| |
| | see anime as a form of eye candy and
|
| would be at advantage.
| |
| | entertainment for the younger generation.
|
| Of all the techniques, anime also focuses
| |
| | To the Japanese, however, anime is a
|
| on plenty of romanticism. Romanticism is
| |
| | medium in which a story can be told and
|
| nothing new to Japan. The world's first
| |
| | glorified. The future of anime looks very
|
| full novel Tale of Genshi, written by
| |
| | promising. With the development computer
|
| Lady Murasaki, contained elaborate
| |
| | generated graphics and enhanced
|
| imagery and poetic emotions. Japanese
| |
| | interfaces, characters and environments
|
| folklore told tales of ghosts, monsters
| |
| | never looked so real. The advancement in
|
| and the supernaturalThus, it is not
| |
| | technology just might one day break away
|
| surprising that anime would also carry
| |
| | the generalizations made by the public
|
| this tradition. Anime, like all forms of
| |
| | and give this remarkable genre a more
|
| animation, relies primarily on visual
| |
| | respected status in the world of films.
|
| images. However, some frames in anime
| |
| | References
|
| provide an exquisite portrayal of the
| |
| | Baker, Neal. "Samurai from Outer Space:
|
| romantic element. One might see, for
| |
| | Understanding Japanese Animation."
|
| example, a young girl starring out into a
| |
| | Library Journal. 14 Nov. 1996: Platinum
|
| sky of glittering stars, or long silky
| |
| | Periodical. Shrewsbury High School Lib.
|
| hair being blown by a gust of cherry
| |
| | MA. 10 Feb. 2005 < >.
|
| blossom petals, or even a giant robot
| |
| | "Genshiken." 2004. Television Show,
|
| slowly walking towards the audience, away
| |
| | CD-Rom. Media Factory. Palm Studio. 28
|
| from the ruins of a post-nuclear war. The
| |
| | Feb. 2005.12 x 24 minute episodes.
|
| setting might seem far-fetched, but these
| |
| | Izuwa, Eri. " The Romantic, Passionate
|
| scenes convey a great deal, at a glance,
| |
| | Japanese in Anime: A Look at the Hidden
|
| the sense of happiness, loneliness,
| |
| | Japanese Soul." 1997. 3 Mar. 2005 < >.
|
| defeat, victory, ambition, and grandeur.
| |
| | MIT Anime Club. Massachusetts Institute
|
| The attention given to plot and story in
| |
| | of Technology. 15 Mar. 2005. 21 Mar. 2005
|
| an anime is just as, or maybe even more
| |
| | < >.
|
| complicated, than any live action movie.
| |
| | "Just What is Anime?" 21 Mar. 2005 < >.
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| Compared to many western romantic stories
| |
| |
|
